The Chinese education system is often seen as more structured and rigorous compared to India’s, especially in terms of standardized testing and academic discipline. Here are some key differences:

1. Exam-Oriented Learning:

• China: The system is highly exam-focused, especially with the Gaokao, a nationwide university entrance exam that determines students’ future. From a young age, students are trained to excel in tests.
• India: India also has a strong emphasis on exams, especially board exams (Class 10 & 12) and entrance tests like JEE, NEET, UPSC, etc. However, the quality of primary and secondary education varies widely.

2. Curriculum & Rote Learning:

• China: The curriculum emphasizes rote memorization but also includes innovation in higher education. Recent reforms are promoting critical thinking and creativity.
• India: India still relies heavily on rote learning, though NEP 2020 aims to bring flexibility, reduce stress, and encourage conceptual understanding rather than just memorization.

3. School Structure & Pressure:

• China: Schools have long hours, strict discipline, and a culture of intensive after-school tutoring. Parental involvement is extremely high.
• India: School hours are relatively shorter, but coaching classes dominate at the senior levels, especially for competitive exams.

4. Practical vs. Theoretical Learning:

• China: More focus on STEM and practical applications, with a growing emphasis on technology and research.
• India: Heavily theory-based, though premier institutions like IITs, IISc, and NITs emphasize research and application.

Conclusion:

Both systems are exam-driven, but China has a more structured and uniform approach, ensuring students pass with deep learning. India, however, has regional disparities, and while top students excel, the system does not equally benefit all. NEP 2020 may improve this over time.