AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a chronic and life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Here’s an overview:

What is HIV?

HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells). If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS.

How is HIV transmitted?

HIV is transmitted through:

1. Unprotected sex: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex without using a condom or other protective measures.
2. Blood transfusions: Receiving blood from an HIV-positive donor.
3. Sharing needles: Sharing needles or syringes contaminated with HIV-infected blood.
4. Mother-to-child transmission: HIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Symptoms of HIV/AIDS

The symptoms of HIV/AIDS can vary depending on the stage of the infection. Early symptoms may include:

1. Flu-like symptoms: Fever, headache, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
2. Skin rashes: Red, itchy rashes on the skin.
3. Mouth sores: Painful sores in the mouth.
4. Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss.

As the infection progresses, symptoms may include:

1. Frequent illnesses: Recurring illnesses, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.
2. Cognitive impairment: Memory loss, confusion, and difficulty concentrating.
3. Wasting syndrome: Severe weight loss and muscle wasting.

Stages of HIV/AIDS

1. Acute HIV infection: The initial stage of HIV infection, characterized by flu-like symptoms.
2. Clinical latency: A period of time during which the virus is active, but the person may not show symptoms.
3. AIDS: The advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immune system damage and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Treatment and Prevention

1. Antiretroviral therapy (ART): A combination of medications that suppress the virus and slow disease progression.
2. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): A medication taken by HIV-negative individuals to prevent infection.
3. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): A medication taken by HIV-negative individuals after potential exposure to the virus.
4. Condom use: Using condoms correctly and consistently to prevent transmission.
5. HIV testing: Regular testing to detect HIV infection early and initiate treatment.

Global Statistics

1. Number of people living with HIV: Approximately 38 million people worldwide.
2. New HIV infections: Approximately 1.7 million new infections in 2020.
3. AIDS-related deaths: Approximately 690,000 deaths in 2020.

India-specific Statistics

1. Number of people living with HIV: Approximately 2.3 million people.
2. New HIV infections: Approximately 88,000 new infections in 2020.
3. AIDS-related deaths: Approximately 58,000 deaths in 2020.

It’s essential to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS, promote prevention measures, and support those affected by the disease.