Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Here’s a brief history:

*Ancient and Medieval Periods*

1. *Pallava Dynasty* (3rd-9th century CE): The Pallava kingdom, with its capital in Kanchipuram, extended its rule to the Chennai region.
2. *Chola Dynasty* (9th-13th century CE): The Chola kingdom, known for its maritime trade and cultural achievements, ruled the region.

*Portuguese and British Colonial Era*

1. *Portuguese Colonization* (1522): The Portuguese established a trading post in Chennai, which became a significant hub for trade and commerce.
2. *British East India Company* (1639): The British East India Company established a factory in Chennai, marking the beginning of British rule.
3. *Madras Presidency* (1653): The British established the Madras Presidency, with Chennai as its capital.

*Indian Independence Movement*

1. *Indian National Congress* (1885): The Indian National Congress, a key player in the Indian independence movement, was founded in Bombay, but Chennai played a significant role in the movement.
2. *Non-Cooperation Movement* (1920-1922): Chennai was a hub for the Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi.

*Post-Independence Era*

1. *Migration and Urbanization* (1947-1960s): Chennai experienced significant migration and urbanization following India’s independence.
2. *Economic Growth* (1970s-1980s): Chennai emerged as a major economic hub, with the growth of industries like textiles, automotive, and IT.
3. *Modern Chennai* (1990s-present): Chennai has continued to grow and develop, with a focus on infrastructure, transportation, and cultural preservation.

*Key Dates*

1. 1522: Portuguese establish a trading post.
2. 1639: British East India Company establishes a factory.
3. 1653: Madras Presidency is established.
4. 1885: Indian National Congress is founded.
5. 1947: India gains independence.

*Important Figures*

1. *Tiruvalluvar*: A Tamil poet and philosopher, known for his work, the Tirukkural.
2. *Rajaji*: A prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and the first Governor-General of India.
3. *M.G. Ramachandran*: A Tamil film actor and politician, who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
4. *J. Jayalalithaa*: A Tamil film actress and politician, who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.