Here’s a brief overview of modern India’s history:

Post-Independence Era (1947-1964)

1. Independence and Partition (1947): India gained independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. The partition of India and Pakistan led to widespread violence and displacement.
2. Constitution and Democracy (1950): India adopted its Constitution on January 26, 1950, establishing itself as a democratic republic.
3. Nehruvian Era (1947-1964): Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, implemented policies aimed at rapid industrialization, social welfare, and non-alignment.

Indira Gandhi Era (1966-1984)

1. Green Revolution (1960s): India achieved significant agricultural growth through the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties and irrigation.
2. Bank Nationalization (1969): Indira Gandhi nationalized 14 major commercial banks to promote economic development and social welfare.
3. Emergency and Opposition (1975-1977): Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency, suspending civil liberties and imposing censorship. The opposition, led by the Janata Party, eventually defeated her in the 1977 elections.

Rajiv Gandhi and Liberalization (1984-1991)

1. Economic Liberalization (1991): India introduced significant economic reforms, opening up the economy to foreign investment and trade.
2. Rajiv Gandhi’s Modernization (1984-1989): Rajiv Gandhi, Indira Gandhi’s son, introduced policies aimed at modernizing India’s economy, infrastructure, and technology.

Contemporary India (1991-present)

1. Economic Growth (1990s-present): India’s economy has experienced rapid growth, driven by the IT sector, services, and manufacturing.
2. Nuclear Tests and Strategic Partnerships (1998): India conducted nuclear tests, leading to international sanctions. However, India has since developed strategic partnerships with countries like the United States, France, and Israel.
3. Social and Environmental Challenges (2000s-present): India continues to face significant social and environmental challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and water scarcity.

Recent Developments (2014-present)

1. Narendra Modi’s Government (2014): Narendra Modi became India’s Prime Minister, promising economic development, good governance, and cultural nationalism.
2. Demonetization and GST (2016-2017): Modi’s government introduced demonetization and the Goods and Services Tax (GST), aiming to curb corruption and simplify taxation.
3. Citizenship Amendment Act and Protests (2019-2020): The government introduced the Citizenship Amendment Act, sparking widespread protests and debates about citizenship, identity, and secularism.