India celebrates Republic Day on January 26th every year, commemorating the adoption of the Constitution of India on January 26, 1950. Here’s a brief history:

Pre-Independence Era

• The Indian National Congress (INC) demanded “Purna Swaraj” (complete self-rule) in 1929.
• The British government introduced the Government of India Act, 1935, which provided for provincial autonomy but maintained British control.

Constituent Assembly

• The Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946, with Dr. Rajendra Prasad as its President.
• The Assembly had 389 members, representing various provinces, states, and communities.

Drafting the Constitution

• The Constituent Assembly formed a Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
• The Committee drafted the Constitution, incorporating elements from various sources, including the Government of India Act, 1935.

Adoption of the Constitution

• The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on November 26, 1949.
• The Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India from a British dominion to a republic.

First Republic Day Celebration

• The first Republic Day celebration was held on January 26, 1950, at the Irwin Amphitheatre (now Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium) in New Delhi.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, hoisted the national flag, and the Constitution came into effect.

Evolution of Republic Day Celebrations

• Over the years, the Republic Day celebrations have evolved to include:
  • Parade at Rajpath (since 1955)
  • Display of military might and cultural diversity
  • Invitation to foreign dignitaries as chief guests
  • Tribute to the Constitution and national heroes

Key Dates

• November 26, 1949: Constituent Assembly adopts the Constitution
• January 26, 1950: Constitution comes into effect; first Republic Day celebration
• 1955: First Republic Day parade held at Rajpath

Important Figures

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad: First President of India and Chairman of the Constituent Assembly
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Chairman of the Drafting Committee and principal architect of the Constitution
• Jawaharlal Nehru: First Prime Minister of India and key figure in the Constituent Assembly